Endometriosis

Symptoms of Endometriosis

• Chronic pelvic pain, especially during menstruation

• Painful periods (dysmenorrhea)

• Pain during intercourse

• Pain with bowel movements or urination during periods

• Heavy menstrual bleeding or spotting between periods

• Infertility or difficulty conceiving

• Fatigue, diarrhea, constipation, or bloating (especially during periods)

Causes and Risk Factors

The exact cause of endometriosis is unknown, but several theories exist including retrograde menstruation, immune system disorders, and genetic factors. 

Risk factors may include:

• Family history of endometriosis

• Early menstruation or short menstrual cycles

• Never giving birth

• Higher estrogen levels

Diagnosis of Endometriosis

Diagnosing endometriosis can be challenging because symptoms vary and overlap with other conditions. Common diagnostic steps include:

• Detailed medical history and pelvic exam

• Ultrasound or MRI to identify cysts or lesions

• Laparoscopy (minimally invasive surgery) is the gold standard for definitive diagnosis and sometimes treatment

Treatment Options

While there is no cure for endometriosis, treatments aim to manage symptoms and improve quality of life:

• Pain relief: NSAIDs and other pain medications

• Hormonal therapies: Birth control pills, GnRH agonists, progestins to reduce or stop menstruation and lesion growth

• Surgical options: Laparoscopic removal or ablation of endometriotic tissue to relieve pain and improve fertility

• Lifestyle changes: Diet, exercise, stress management
  
  

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q: Can endometriosis be cured?
A: There is currently no cure, but treatments can effectively manage symptoms and improve quality of life.

Q: Does endometriosis affect fertility?
A: It can, by causing inflammation, scarring, or blockage of reproductive organs, but many women with endometriosis conceive naturally or with treatment.

Q: Is surgery always necessary?
A: Not always. Many women manage symptoms with medication and lifestyle changes, but surgery can be beneficial for severe cases or infertility.

Q: How is endometriosis different from adenomyosis?
A: Endometriosis involves tissue outside the uterus, while adenomyosis involves endometrial tissue growing within the uterine muscle.

Q: What can I do to manage pain at home?
A: Over-the-counter pain relievers, heat therapy, regular exercise, and stress reduction techniques can help alleviate pain.

Q: When should I see a doctor?
A: If you experience severe menstrual pain, pelvic pain unrelated to your period, or difficulty conceiving, it’s important to seek evaluation.