Polycistic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

What is it:

PCOS is a hormonal disorder causing enlarged ovaries that develop with small cysts on the outer edges. More scientifically, it is one of the most common endocrine and metabolic disorders of reproductive-aged individuals assigned female at birth and is described through a combination of signs and symptoms of androgen (natural or synthetic steroid male hormone) excess and ovarian dysfunction.

Symptoms: 

With PCOS, people can experience irregular periods, an increase in the appearance of facial or body hair, and poly cystic ovaries that become enlarged and contain many fluid-filled sacs, also known as follicles, that surround the eggs. Individuals can also be at an increased risk of hyperglycemia or elevated blood sugar levels, diabetes, obesity, fatty liver, metabolic syndrome, blood clots, reduced fertility, hypertension and even heart attacks.

Who can have it:

The exact cause of PCOS is unknown. PCOS can affect some as soon as after the first menstrual period, or develop in their 20s or 30s. While the majority of people with PCOS have excess weight, it is possible to have the condition and still have a BMI within normal range. This is known as "lean PCOS," and it can make it even harder to get a proper diagnosis. There's  evidence that genetics play a role. Several other factors, such as insulin resistance and primarily obesity, also play a role. With blood tests showing high androgen levels prevent your ovaries from releasing eggs, which causes the irregular menstrual cycles.